If I apply to the same company again, will a record of my previous interviews/applications getting rejected remain with the company and affect my future chances of getting an interview/offer?

The firms will be able to see that you applied before since they have a full history of any former applications with the firm but it won’t hurt your chances since the firms like to see people reapply.

That being said, most firms want you to wait around one year before reapplying.